Refactor user route: remove eager loading from list_users function and enhance default_select to support eager loading with skip relations

inventory/routes/user.py

@@ -12,8 +12,6 @@ from ..models import User, Room, Inventory, WorkLog
 
 @main.route("/users")
 def list_users():
-    query = eager_load_user_relationships(db.session.query(User)).order_by(User.last_name, User.first_name)
-    users = query.all()
     return render_template(
         'table.html',
         header = user_headers,

inventory/ui/blueprint.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from collections import defaultdict
 from flask import Blueprint, request, render_template, jsonify, abort, make_response
 from sqlalchemy.engine import ScalarResult
 from sqlalchemy.exc import IntegrityError
-from sqlalchemy.orm import class_mapper, load_only, selectinload
+from sqlalchemy.orm import class_mapper, load_only, selectinload, joinedload, Load
 from sqlalchemy.sql import Select
 from typing import Any, List, cast, Iterable, Tuple, Set, Dict
 
@@ -15,6 +15,66 @@ from .. import db
 
 bp = Blueprint("ui", __name__, url_prefix="/ui")
 
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Load
+
+def _option_targets_rel(opt: Load, Model, rel_name: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return True if this Load option targets Model.rel_name at its root path.
+    Works for joinedload/selectinload/subqueryload options.
+    """
+    try:
+        # opt.path is a PathRegistry; .path is a tuple of (mapper, prop, mapper, prop, ...)
+        path = tuple(getattr(opt, "path", ()).path)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+    if not path:
+        return False
+    # We only care about the first hop: (Mapper[Model], RelationshipProperty(rel_name))
+    if len(path) < 2:
+        return False
+    first_mapper, first_prop = path[0], path[1]
+    try:
+        is_model = first_mapper.class_ is Model  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        is_rel = getattr(first_prop, "key", "") == rel_name
+        return bool(is_model and is_rel)
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+
+def _has_loader_for(stmt: Select, Model, rel_name: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    True if stmt already has any loader option configured for Model.rel_name.
+    """
+    opts = getattr(stmt, "_with_options", ())  # SQLAlchemy stores Load options here
+    for opt in opts:
+        if isinstance(opt, Load) and _option_targets_rel(opt, Model, rel_name):
+            return True
+    return False
+
+def _strategy_for_rel_attr(rel_attr) -> type[Load] | None:
+    # rel_attr is an InstrumentedAttribute (Model.foo)
+    prop = getattr(rel_attr, "property", None)
+    lazy = getattr(prop, "lazy", None)
+    if lazy in ("joined", "subquery"):
+        return joinedload
+    if lazy == "selectin":
+        return selectinload
+    # default if mapper left it None or something exotic like 'raise'
+    return selectinload
+
+def apply_model_default_eager(stmt: Select, Model, skip_rels: Set[str]) -> Select:
+    # mapper.relationships yields RelationshipProperty objects
+    mapper = class_mapper(Model)
+    for prop in mapper.relationships:
+        if prop.key in skip_rels:
+            continue
+        lazy = getattr(prop, "lazy", None)
+        if lazy in ("joined", "subquery"):
+            stmt = stmt.options(joinedload(getattr(Model, prop.key)))
+        elif lazy == "selectin":
+            stmt = stmt.options(selectinload(getattr(Model, prop.key)))
+        # else: leave it alone (noload/raise/dynamic/etc.)
+    return stmt
+
 def split_fields(Model, fields: Iterable[str]) -> Tuple[Set[str], Dict[str, Set[str]]]:
     """
     Split requested fields into base model columns and relation->attr sets.
@@ -53,33 +113,50 @@ def _load_only_existing(Model, names: Set[str]):
     return cols
 
 def apply_field_loaders(stmt: Select, Model, fields: Iterable[str]) -> Select:
-    """
-    Given a base Select[Model] and requested fields, attach loader options:
-      - load_only(...) for base scalar columns
-      - selectinload(Model.rel).options(load_only(...)) for each requested relation
-    Only single-depth "rel.attr" is supported, which is exactly what you’re using.
-    """
     base_cols, rel_cols = split_fields(Model, fields)
 
-    # Restrict base columns if any were explicitly requested
     base_only = _load_only_existing(Model, base_cols)
     if base_only:
         stmt = stmt.options(load_only(*base_only))
 
-    # Relations: selectinload each requested relation and trim its columns
     for rel_name, attrs in rel_cols.items():
         if not hasattr(Model, rel_name):
             continue
+
+        # If someone already attached a loader for this relation, don't add another
+        if _has_loader_for(stmt, Model, rel_name):
+            # still allow trimming columns on the related entity if we can
             rel_attr = getattr(Model, rel_name)
             try:
                 target_cls = rel_attr.property.mapper.class_
             except Exception:
-            continue  # not a relationship; ignore
+                continue
+            rel_only = _load_only_existing(target_cls, attrs)
+            if rel_only:
+                # attach a Load that only applies load_only to that path,
+                # without picking a different strategy
+                # This relies on SQLA merging load_only onto existing Load for the same path.
+                stmt = stmt.options(
+                    getattr(Load(Model), rel_name).load_only(*rel_only)
+                )
+            continue
 
-        opt = selectinload(rel_attr)
+        # Otherwise choose a strategy and add it
+        rel_attr = getattr(Model, rel_name)
+        strategy = _strategy_for_rel_attr(rel_attr)
+        if not strategy:
+            continue
+        opt = strategy(rel_attr)
+
+        # Trim columns on the related entity if requested
+        try:
+            target_cls = rel_attr.property.mapper.class_
+        except Exception:
+            continue
         rel_only = _load_only_existing(target_cls, attrs)
         if rel_only:
             opt = opt.options(load_only(*rel_only))
+
         stmt = stmt.options(opt)
 
     return stmt
@@ -159,26 +236,38 @@ def list_items(model_name):
 
     qkwargs: dict[str, Any] = {
         "text": text,
-        # these are irrelevant for stmt-building; keep for ui_query compatibility
         "limit": 0 if unlimited else per_page,
         "offset": 0 if unlimited else (page - 1) * per_page if per_page else 0,
         "sort": sort,
         "direction": direction,
     }
 
-    # 1) Try per-model override first
+    # compute requested relations once
+    base_cols, rel_cols = split_fields(Model, fields)
+    skip_rels = set(rel_cols.keys()) if fields else set()
+
+    # 1) per-model override first
     rows_any: Any = call(Model, "ui_query", db.session, **qkwargs)
 
     stmt: Select | None = None
     total: int
 
     if rows_any is None:
-        # 2) default: build a Select
+        stmt = default_select(Model, text=text, sort=sort, direction=direction, eager=False)
-        stmt = default_select(Model, text=text, sort=sort, direction=direction)
+
+        if not fields:
+            stmt = apply_model_default_eager(stmt, Model, skip_rels=set())
+        else:
+            stmt = apply_field_loaders(stmt, Model, fields)
+
+        stmt = ensure_order_by(stmt, Model, sort=sort, direction=direction)
+
     elif isinstance(rows_any, Select):
-        stmt = rows_any
+        # TRUST ui_query; don't add loaders on top
+        stmt = ensure_order_by(rows_any, Model, sort=sort, direction=direction)
+
     elif isinstance(rows_any, list):
-        # Someone returned a materialized list. Paginate in Python.
+        # materialized list; paginate in python
         total = len(rows_any)
         if unlimited:
             rows = rows_any
@@ -186,21 +275,15 @@ def list_items(model_name):
             start = (page - 1) * per_page
             end = start + per_page
             rows = rows_any[start:end]
+        # serialize and return at the bottom like usual
     else:
-        # SQLAlchemy Result-like?
+        # SQLAlchemy Result-like or generic iterable
         scalars = getattr(rows_any, "scalars", None)
         if callable(scalars):
-            # execute now, then paginate in Python
             all_rows = list(cast(ScalarResult[Any], scalars()))
             total = len(all_rows)
-            if unlimited:
+            rows = all_rows if unlimited else all_rows[(page - 1) * per_page : (page * per_page)]
-                rows = all_rows
         else:
-                start = (page - 1) * per_page
-                end = start + per_page
-                rows = all_rows[start:end]
-        else:
-            # single object or generic iterable
             try:
                 all_rows = list(rows_any)
                 total = len(all_rows)
@@ -209,34 +292,15 @@ def list_items(model_name):
                 total = 1
                 rows = [rows_any]
 
-    # If we have a real Select, use db.paginate for proper COUNT and slicing
+    # If we have a real Select, run it once (unlimited) or paginate once.
     if stmt is not None:
         if unlimited:
             rows = list(db.session.execute(stmt).scalars())
             total = count_for(db.session, stmt)
-        else:
-            stmt = default_select(Model, text=text, sort=sort, direction=direction)
-            if fields:
-                stmt = apply_field_loaders(stmt, Model, fields)  # the helper I gave you earlier
-
-            stmt = ensure_order_by(stmt, Model, sort=sort, direction=direction)
-
-            if unlimited:
-                rows = list(db.session.execute(stmt).scalars())
-                total = count_for(db.session, stmt)  # uses session, not stmt.bind
         else:
             pagination = db.paginate(stmt, page=page, per_page=per_page, error_out=False)
             rows = pagination.items
             total = pagination.total
-            stmt = ensure_order_by(stmt, Model, sort=sort, direction=direction)
-            pagination = db.paginate(
-                stmt,
-                page=page,
-                per_page=per_page,
-                error_out=False
-            )
-            rows = pagination.items
-            total = pagination.total
 
     # Serialize
     if fields:
@@ -267,14 +331,6 @@ def list_items(model_name):
     if want_list:
         return render_template("fragments/_list_fragment.html", options=items)
     if want_table:
-        # return render_template("fragments/_table_data_fragment.html",
-        #     rows=items,
-        #     model_name=model_name,
-        #     total=total,
-        #     page=page,
-        #     per_page=per_page,
-        #     pages=(0 if unlimited else ((total + per_page - 1) // per_page)),
-        # )
         resp = make_response(render_template("fragments/_table_data_fragment.html",
                                             rows=items, model_name=model_name))
         resp.headers['X-Total'] = str(total)

inventory/ui/defaults.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from sqlalchemy import select, asc as sa_asc, desc as sa_desc, or_, func
 from sqlalchemy.inspection import inspect
+from sqlalchemy.orm import class_mapper, joinedload, selectinload
 from sqlalchemy.sql import Select
 from sqlalchemy.sql.sqltypes import String, Unicode, Text
 from typing import Any, Optional, cast, Iterable
@@ -76,6 +77,8 @@ def default_select(
     text: Optional[str] = None,
     sort: Optional[str] = None,
     direction: str = "asc",
+    eager = False,
+    skip_rels=frozenset()
 ) -> Select[Any]:
     stmt: Select[Any] = select(Model)
 
@@ -119,6 +122,15 @@ def default_select(
     for opt in opts:
         stmt = stmt.options(opt)
 
+    if eager:
+        for prop in class_mapper(Model).relationships:
+            if prop.key in skip_rels:
+                continue
+            lazy = getattr(prop, "lazy", None)
+            if lazy in ("joined", "subquery"):
+                stmt = stmt.options(joinedload(getattr(Model, prop.key)))
+            elif lazy == "selectin":
+                stmt = stmt.options(selectinload(getattr(Model, prop.key)))
     return stmt
 
 def default_query(